news/10.md: Fix capitalization of various proper nouns
This fixes various names, trademarks, and other proper nouns according to how their associated owner/project/etc actually spells it.master
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@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ mission today is exactly the same as it was then: to provide free boot firmware
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that normal people can easily use. Something that normal users don't have to
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think about, that *Just Works*, with regular updates. Clean, simple
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and professional, with clear documentation. Coreboot documentation today is
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much better, but it was very poor quality in 2013 (mediawiki site with lots
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much better, but it was very poor quality in 2013 (MediaWiki site with lots
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of errant pages, poorly organised).
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It came with a twist: Libreboot initially complied with the FSF's own RYF
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@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ project, coreboot does require binary blobs on some boards. More on this later!
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Since the project was nameless until February 2014, early promotion of my work
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was talking only about my company and about the FSF endorsement of it; Minifree
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used to be called Gluglug, hosted at `gluglug.org.uk` (you can check it
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in the wayback machine. The shop itself was on `shop.gluglug.org.uk`). For
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in the Wayback Machine. The shop itself was on `shop.gluglug.org.uk`). For
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example, [this video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=08HKcH2GguE&t=1565s)
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talked about the ThinkPad X60 running Libreboot 20131212, but I only
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retroactively named that to Libreboot in February 2014, so that video is
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@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ files behave similarly to BASH scripts, with similar syntax and overall logic
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flow/style. It is an extremely configurable bootloader.
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GRUB revolves around the shell, which is basically an extension of the Bash
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shell, adapted for use in a multiboot context. GRUB is the reference multiboot
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shell, adapted for use in a Multiboot context. GRUB is the reference Multiboot
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implementation, which boots Linux. Libreboot provides GRUB so that it can
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directly boot Linux kernels. GRUB has many advanced features, such as GPG and
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LUKS support, and it has support for virtually all of the major file systems in
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@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ Libreboot's initial no-binary-blob policy meant that SeaBIOS could not be used.
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SeaBIOS then was the most popular payload, and the default one in coreboot, at
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least on x86. Although SeaBIOS is free software, it did not have a free video
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BIOS back then. Coreboot's native video initialisation was developed at around
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that time, for intel video chipsets, providing a basic framebuffer, but no
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that time, for Intel video chipsets, providing a basic framebuffer, but no
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video BIOS services, so operating systems like Windows could not boot (and they
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still cannot, on most Libreboot setups).
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@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ on top of the coreboot framebuffer, but this capability did not exist
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in 2013 when Libreboot started. So, SeaBIOS could not be used in Libreboot
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then. Libreboot provided just the coreboot framebuffer, then loaded GRUB, which
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then loaded Linux; Linux itself could interact with the coreboot framebuffer,
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and the intel video driver (`i915`) sets modes directly, so it doesn't need
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and the Intel video driver (`i915`) sets modes directly, so it doesn't need
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BIOS INT10H or UEFI GOP services for video-related functions. In Linux, your
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video drivers just write to a framebuffer directly in memory. No abstractions.
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This feature, called KMS (Kernel Mode Setting) was later ported to the BSDs,
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@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ like `me_cleaner` (which strips out code from the ME, usually leaving only
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the bringup code intact) existed. On the GM45 machines,
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[Intel ME](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Management_Engine)
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is usually disabled on most vendors, but Lenovo provided it because their
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machines came with Intel gigabit ethernet, which requires an Intel Flash
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machines came with Intel Gigabit Ethernet, which requires an Intel Flash
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Descriptor and Gigabit Ethernet config in the flash; Intel's standard setup
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here is to then provide the Intel ME, in two separate versions: a 1.5MB version
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without [AMT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Active_Management_Technology),
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@ -358,25 +358,25 @@ The X200 was always possible to use without Intel ME, because the ME only
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handled AMT and [TPM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted_Platform_Module) on
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that platform, which are not required for boot, but
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the only known way at that time was to flash a *descriptorless* setup, which
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meant that you would lose use of the Intel gigabit ethernet. This didn't seem
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meant that you would lose use of the Intel Gigabit Ethernet. This didn't seem
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all that useful for Libreboot users, who expect everything to just work.
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Steve reverse engineered the Intel Flash Descriptor, finding disable bits in it
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that put the Intel ME into a permanent reset loop. In this configuration, the
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ME bootrom does not load any firmware from the flash. The full ME firmware
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otherwise goes in the main boot flash, alongside the BIOS software (e.g.
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coreboot). In Libreboot, the intel ME firmware is excluded on GM45 hardware.
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coreboot). In Libreboot, the Intel ME firmware is excluded on GM45 hardware.
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I worked with Steve between October 2014 to mid-January 2015. Steve provided
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instructions for disabling the intel ME in the ICH9M flash descriptor, and
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instructions for disabling the Intel ME in the ICH9M flash descriptor, and
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wrote a proof of concept utility that would take a *factory* ROM image dump,
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for instance X200 LenovoBIOS dump, and create a file containing just
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the descriptor and gigabit ethernet config, but without the intel ME. That
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the descriptor and Gigabit Ethernet config, but without the Intel ME. That
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utility was called *ich9deblob*.
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Under Steve's guidance, I wrote a utility that would *generate* an ICH9M
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descriptor from scratch. I then studied the datasheets for Intel's gigabit NIC,
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writing a tool to generate the ethernet config from scratch. I had a new program
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writing a tool to generate the Ethernet config from scratch. I had a new program
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written by around mid-January 2015, and I called it *ich9gen*. You can
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read about ich9gen and ich9deblob on
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the [ich9utils](../docs/install/ich9utils.md) page. The ich9gen utility was
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@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ support was first added to Libreboot. Testing was later done on these other
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machines. In particular, Timothy Pearson (of Raptor Engineering) added support
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for switchable graphics, enabling video initialisation on versions of these
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boards that have both Intel and AMD graphics. Without such support, no video
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init was available unless you used a board that only had the intel GPU. A
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init was available unless you used a board that only had the Intel GPU. A
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hardware mux is present on the ones with AMD graphics, enabling you to still
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use just the Intel one, or switch to the AMD one.
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@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ team lead by Mike Gerwitz.
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Libreboot's build system and documentation used a very peculiar design, which
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did not fit well into GNU's design policies. GNU had several technical
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requirements for projects, such as use of TexInfo files for documentation, to
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requirements for projects, such as use of Texinfo files for documentation, to
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be generated into HTML by a static site generator. At that time, Libreboot's
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website was written in static HTML, manually. It did not use a static site
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generator of any kind.
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@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ which libreboot.org now uses. Alyssa acted as a sort of spokesperson during
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this period, acting in my place and I briefly gave her sysadmin privileges for
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the Libreboot hosting infrastructure, during that year (2017), because she
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was helping me improve my infrastructure - for example, she taught me how to
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use nginx, where I'd previously used lighttpd as Libreboot's web server.
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use Nginx, where I'd previously used lighttpd as Libreboot's web server.
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And that is the greatest irony of all. One of my main concerns about Libreboot's
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GNU membership was that I would lose control of the project, but I soon stepped
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@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ GNU standards?
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I attempted to answer this, by actually doing it. I commissioned work, on the
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Libreboot mailing list (which existed at the time, and was hosted by GNU), to
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convert the website's static HTML files. Work was underway for converting the
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entire documentation to TexInfo files, GNU's preferred format for documents.
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entire documentation to Texinfo files, GNU's preferred format for documents.
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This was later scrapped, when I decided to accept Alyssa's work instead; she
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converted the website to use Markdown instead, with a custom static site
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generator.
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@ -757,8 +757,8 @@ the [contrib page](../contrib.md).
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Paul's build system, the so-called *Paper build system*, was provided by him as
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a proof of concept. It initially only supported CrOS-based devices, for example
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the ASUS Chromebook C201, integrating coreboot, depthcharge and various
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chromeos utils that were needed.
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the ASUS Chromebook C201, integrating coreboot, Depthcharge and various
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ChromeOS utils that were needed.
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The goal of the build system re-write was to make Libreboot much more flexible
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and generally more configurable. Libreboot's build system *worked* very well at
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@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ mentally and financially for gender reassignment surgery scheduled for late
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August 2018; then I spent a year recovering from that. And lots of other things.
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A lot of events, most/all of which won't be covered in detail here, were going
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on in my life, such that I never had the time nor mental energy to get involved
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in Libreboot. And then the covid pandemic threw me off for a further year. I
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in Libreboot. And then the COVID pandemic threw me off for a further year. I
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was planning a takeover of Libreboot in early 2020, but ended up doing it
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in 2021 instead. I had discussed the possibility publicly, several times
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during 2020, but nobody took me seriously at the time.
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@ -894,7 +894,7 @@ utils (most of the C sloccount is ich9utils).
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If you actually look at the Paper system, almost all of it is covering
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utilities that don't need to be included in the project, many of them
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chromeos-related; modern Libreboot (using my design, the lbmk build system),
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ChromeOS-related; modern Libreboot (using my design, the lbmk build system),
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uses U-Boot, courtesy of work done by Alper Nebi Yasak (more on this later).
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I compile U-Boot with the *same* generic script that I maintain, which is
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less than 300 sloc in size, and compiles SeaBIOS, coreboot and U-Boot, without
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@ -967,7 +967,7 @@ policy, since osboot later merged with Libreboot, in November of 2022, but it's
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the same policy that osboot used.
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I was commissioned by a Minifree customer to provide a ThinkPad X230. I already
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knew then that the X230 (an ivybridge platform) could boot entirely blob-free
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knew then that the X230 (an Ivy Bridge platform) could boot entirely blob-free
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in coreboot, except for the neutered Intel ME (using `me_cleaner`) and
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microcode updates. To my mind, it seemed acceptable in terms of software
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freedom. A solid, all-round very useful machine.
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@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ and efficient.
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Thus, osboot was born. It initially began with Tianocore integrated in it,
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using MrChromebox's branch for coreboot. MrChromebox is a coreboot distro that
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provides Tianocore as a payload, on many chromebooks, so I leaned on his
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provides Tianocore as a payload, on many Chromebooks, so I leaned on his
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expertise to provide experimental Tianocore support, in my Libreboot 20160907
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fork. I completely gutted about half of the build system in that Libreboot
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release, when forking it, because most of it no longer worked for modern
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@ -1183,12 +1183,12 @@ it didn't hurt anything because Intel ME was always a problem. I didn't know
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ME neutering was possible, until I found out about `me_cleaner` - I would never
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provide anyone with a setup that uses a non-neutered ME, because of the networking
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and backdoors provided in such setups. The `me_cleaner` project removes such
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backdoors from the intel ME, resulting in a clean image that only contains the
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backdoors from the Intel ME, resulting in a clean image that only contains the
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init firmware in the ME. In this configuration, the ME initialises itself but
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doesn't actually run anything, so it just sits there permanently in the init
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stage. Things like AMT no longer work, when you run `me_cleaner`.
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To put it simply: at least on the intel side, `me_cleaner` changed everything
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To put it simply: at least on the Intel side, `me_cleaner` changed everything
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and opened up a lot more machines for me. But to do that, I had to abandon
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Libreboot policy. Hence, osboot was born. Libreboot policy was a liability to
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the free software movement, because it limited the amount of free software that
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@ -1288,7 +1288,7 @@ down. That almost never happens, as the FSF tends to be extremely dogmatic, too
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drunk on their own prestige; set in their ways.
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They initially hosted their project on the official sourcehut instance run by
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Drew Devault. I simply asked Drew to terminate their hosting. He complied. He
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Drew DeVault. I simply asked Drew to terminate their hosting. He complied. He
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gave them two weeks to rename their project, or be deleted, and they did not
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rename. Their website was hosted on sourcehut at the time, so their website
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went offline for a day; on that same day, I announced the [Libreboot
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@ -1379,11 +1379,11 @@ code is now used by Libreboot, to provide serprog firmware on many STM32-
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and RP2040-based microcontroller boards; we use them as SPI flashers, but you
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can use them for many other purposes. They're quite handy little machines. The
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serprog firmware integration was done by Riku Viitanen, who also added many
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HP Elitebook machines to Libreboot during 2023.
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HP EliteBook machines to Libreboot during 2023.
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Thanks to the work done by Nicholas Chin, several Dell Latitude laptops are now
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supported in Libreboot, which can be flashed without disassembly. We support
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GM45 and Ivybridge models, and we're adding many more (we have identified
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GM45 and Ivy Bridge models, and we're adding many more (we have identified
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about 20 of them).
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You can actually just read the Libreboot release announcements from 2023, if
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@ -1417,7 +1417,7 @@ FSDG is the policy that GNU Boot uses, that Libreboot previously used, before
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it adopted the modern [Binary Blob Reduction Policy](policy.md) - GNU Boot
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started, specifically because it opposed the new policy in Libreboot.
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Well, GNU Boot seemed to be going nowhere fast. I monitor their git activity
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Well, GNU Boot seemed to be going nowhere fast. I monitor their Git activity
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daily, and their development pace is much slower than mine; slower than mine,
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even when I'm going slow. I thought to myself: what if a *competently*
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engineered solution existed, like GNU Boot but not?
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