diff --git a/.circleci/config.yml b/.circleci/config.yml
index 183ad9048e..3913a6b0f8 100644
--- a/.circleci/config.yml
+++ b/.circleci/config.yml
@@ -110,91 +110,6 @@ jobs:
           name: Load database schema
       - ruby/rspec-test
 
-  test-migrations:
-    executor:
-      name: default
-      ruby-version: '3.2'
-    steps:
-      - checkout
-      - install-system-dependencies
-      - install-ruby-dependencies:
-          ruby-version: '3.2'
-      - wait-db
-      - run:
-          command: ./bin/rails db:create
-          name: Create database
-      - run:
-          command: ./bin/rails db:migrate VERSION=20171010025614
-          name: Run migrations up to v2.0.0
-      - run:
-          command: ./bin/rails tests:migrations:populate_v2
-          name: Populate database with test data
-      - run:
-          command: ./bin/rails db:migrate VERSION=20180514140000
-          name: Run migrations up to v2.4.0
-      - run:
-          command: ./bin/rails tests:migrations:populate_v2_4
-          name: Populate database with test data
-      - run:
-          command: ./bin/rails db:migrate VERSION=20180707154237
-          name: Run migrations up to v2.4.3
-      - run:
-          command: ./bin/rails tests:migrations:populate_v2_4_3
-          name: Populate database with test data
-      - run:
-          command: ./bin/rails db:migrate
-          name: Run all remaining migrations
-      - run:
-          command: ./bin/rails tests:migrations:check_database
-          name: Check migration result
-
-  test-two-step-migrations:
-    executor:
-      name: default
-      ruby-version: '3.2'
-    steps:
-      - checkout
-      - install-system-dependencies
-      - install-ruby-dependencies:
-          ruby-version: '3.2'
-      - wait-db
-      - run:
-          command: ./bin/rails db:create
-          name: Create database
-      - run:
-          command: ./bin/rails db:migrate VERSION=20171010025614
-          name: Run migrations up to v2.0.0
-      - run:
-          command: ./bin/rails tests:migrations:populate_v2
-          name: Populate database with test data
-      - run:
-          command: ./bin/rails db:migrate VERSION=20180514140000
-          name: Run pre-deployment migrations up to v2.4.0
-          environment:
-            SKIP_POST_DEPLOYMENT_MIGRATIONS: true
-      - run:
-          command: ./bin/rails tests:migrations:populate_v2_4
-          name: Populate database with test data
-      - run:
-          command: ./bin/rails db:migrate VERSION=20180707154237
-          name: Run migrations up to v2.4.3
-          environment:
-            SKIP_POST_DEPLOYMENT_MIGRATIONS: true
-      - run:
-          command: ./bin/rails tests:migrations:populate_v2_4_3
-          name: Populate database with test data
-      - run:
-          command: ./bin/rails db:migrate
-          name: Run all remaining pre-deployment migrations
-          environment:
-            SKIP_POST_DEPLOYMENT_MIGRATIONS: true
-      - run:
-          command: ./bin/rails db:migrate
-          name: Run all post-deployment migrations
-      - run:
-          command: ./bin/rails tests:migrations:check_database
-          name: Check migration result
-
 workflows:
   version: 2
   build-and-test:
@@ -211,9 +126,3 @@ workflows:
           name: test-ruby<< matrix.ruby-version >>
           requires:
             - build
-      - test-migrations:
-          requires:
-            - build
-      - test-two-step-migrations:
-          requires:
-            - build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-migrations-one-step.yml b/.github/workflows/test-migrations-one-step.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8f070697ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-migrations-one-step.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+name: Test one step migrations
+on:
+  push:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'
+  pull_request:
+
+jobs:
+  pre_job:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    outputs:
+      should_skip: ${{ steps.skip_check.outputs.should_skip }}
+
+    steps:
+      - id: skip_check
+        uses: fkirc/skip-duplicate-actions@v5
+        with:
+          paths: '["Gemfile*", ".ruby-version", "**/*.rb", ".github/workflows/test-migrations-one-step.yml"]'
+
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: pre_job
+    if: needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip != 'true'
+
+    services:
+      postgres:
+        image: postgres:14.5
+        env:
+          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
+          POSTGRES_USER: postgres
+        options: >-
+          --health-cmd pg_isready
+          --health-interval 10s
+          --health-timeout 5s
+          --health-retries 5
+        ports:
+          - 5432:5432
+
+      redis:
+        image: redis:7.0
+        options: >-
+          --health-cmd "redis-cli ping"
+          --health-interval 10s
+          --health-timeout 5s
+          --health-retries 5
+        ports:
+          - 6379:6379
+
+    env:
+      CONTINUOUS_INTEGRATION: true
+      DB_HOST: localhost
+      DB_USER: postgres
+      DB_PASS: postgres
+      DISABLE_SIMPLECOV: true
+      RAILS_ENV: test
+      BUNDLE_CLEAN: true
+      BUNDLE_FROZEN: true
+      BUNDLE_WITHOUT: 'development production'
+      BUNDLE_JOBS: 3
+      BUNDLE_RETRY: 3
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - name: Install native Ruby dependencies
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y libicu-dev libidn11-dev
+
+      - name: Set up bundler cache
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          ruby-version: .ruby-version
+          bundler-cache: true
+
+      - name: Create database
+        run: './bin/rails db:create'
+
+      - name: Run migrations up to v2.0.0
+        run: './bin/rails db:migrate VERSION=20171010025614'
+
+      - name: Populate database with test data
+        run: './bin/rails tests:migrations:populate_v2'
+
+      - name: Run migrations up to v2.4.0
+        run: './bin/rails db:migrate VERSION=20180514140000'
+
+      - name: Populate database with test data
+        run: './bin/rails tests:migrations:populate_v2_4'
+
+      - name: Run migrations up to v2.4.3
+        run: './bin/rails db:migrate VERSION=20180707154237'
+
+      - name: Populate database with test data
+        run: './bin/rails tests:migrations:populate_v2_4_3'
+
+      - name: Run all remaining migrations
+        run: './bin/rails db:migrate'
+
+      - name: Check migration result
+        run: './bin/rails tests:migrations:check_database'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-migrations-two-step.yml b/.github/workflows/test-migrations-two-step.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2fdce80254
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-migrations-two-step.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+name: Test two step migrations
+on:
+  push:
+    branches-ignore:
+      - 'dependabot/**'
+  pull_request:
+
+jobs:
+  pre_job:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    outputs:
+      should_skip: ${{ steps.skip_check.outputs.should_skip }}
+
+    steps:
+      - id: skip_check
+        uses: fkirc/skip-duplicate-actions@v5
+        with:
+          paths: '["Gemfile*", ".ruby-version", "**/*.rb", ".github/workflows/test-migrations-two-step.yml"]'
+
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: pre_job
+    if: needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip != 'true'
+
+    services:
+      postgres:
+        image: postgres:14.5
+        env:
+          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
+          POSTGRES_USER: postgres
+        options: >-
+          --health-cmd pg_isready
+          --health-interval 10s
+          --health-timeout 5s
+          --health-retries 5
+        ports:
+          - 5432:5432
+      redis:
+        image: redis:7.0
+        options: >-
+          --health-cmd "redis-cli ping"
+          --health-interval 10s
+          --health-timeout 5s
+          --health-retries 5
+        ports:
+          - 6379:6379
+
+    env:
+      CONTINUOUS_INTEGRATION: true
+      DB_HOST: localhost
+      DB_USER: postgres
+      DB_PASS: postgres
+      DISABLE_SIMPLECOV: true
+      RAILS_ENV: test
+      BUNDLE_CLEAN: true
+      BUNDLE_FROZEN: true
+      BUNDLE_WITHOUT: 'development production'
+      BUNDLE_JOBS: 3
+      BUNDLE_RETRY: 3
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - name: Install native Ruby dependencies
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y libicu-dev libidn11-dev
+
+      - name: Set up bundler cache
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          ruby-version: .ruby-version
+          bundler-cache: true
+
+      - name: Create database
+        run: './bin/rails db:create'
+
+      - name: Run migrations up to v2.0.0
+        run: './bin/rails db:migrate VERSION=20171010025614'
+
+      - name: Populate database with test data
+        run: './bin/rails tests:migrations:populate_v2'
+
+      - name: Run pre-deployment migrations up to v2.4.0
+        run: './bin/rails db:migrate VERSION=20180514140000'
+        env:
+          SKIP_POST_DEPLOYMENT_MIGRATIONS: true
+
+      - name: Populate database with test data
+        run: './bin/rails tests:migrations:populate_v2_4'
+
+      - name: Run migrations up to v2.4.3
+        run: './bin/rails db:migrate VERSION=20180707154237'
+        env:
+          SKIP_POST_DEPLOYMENT_MIGRATIONS: true
+
+      - name: Populate database with test data
+        run: './bin/rails tests:migrations:populate_v2_4_3'
+
+      - name: Run all remaining pre-deployment migrations
+        run: './bin/rails db:migrate'
+        env:
+          SKIP_POST_DEPLOYMENT_MIGRATIONS: true
+
+      - name: Run all post-deployment migrations
+        run: './bin/rails db:migrate'
+
+      - name: Check migration result
+        run: './bin/rails tests:migrations:check_database'