diff --git a/docs/2022-12-25-archlinux.html b/docs/2022-12-25-archlinux.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..76e97cc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/2022-12-25-archlinux.html @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +<!doctype html><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><link rel=preconnect href=https://fonts.googleapis.com><link rel=preconnect href=https://fonts.gstatic.com crossorigin><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Recursive:wght,CASL,MONO@300..800,0..1,0..1&display=swap" rel=stylesheet><link href=https://haunt98.github.io/iosevka_webfont/iosevka-term-ss08/iosevka-term-ss08.css rel=stylesheet><link rel=stylesheet href=styles.css><a href=index>Index</a><h1>Install Arch Linux</h1><p>Install Arch Linux is thing I always want to do for my laptop/PC since I had my laptop in ninth grade.<p>This is not a guide for everyone, this is just save for myself in a future and for anyone who want to walk in my shoes.<h2><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide>Installation guide</a></h2><h3>Pre-installation</h3><p>Check disks carefully:<pre><code class=language-sh>lsblk +</code></pre><p><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/USB_flash_installation_medium>USB flash installation medium</a><h4>Verify the boot mode</h4><p>Check UEFI mode:<pre><code class=language-sh>ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars +</code></pre><h4>Connect to the internet</h4><p>For wifi, use <a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Iwd>iwd</a>.<h4>Partition the disks</h4><p><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GPT_fdisk>GPT fdisk</a>:<pre><code class=language-sh>cgdisk /dev/sdx +</code></pre><p><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning#Partition_scheme>Partition scheme</a><p>UEFI/GPT layout:<table><thead><tr><th>Mount point<th>Partition<th>Partition type<th>Suggested size<tbody><tr><td><code>/mnt/efi</code><td><code>/dev/efi_system_partition</code><td>EFI System Partition<td>512 MiB<tr><td><code>/mnt/boot</code><td><code>/dev/extended_boot_loader_partition</code><td>Extended Boot Loader Partition<td>1 GiB<tr><td><code>/mnt</code><td><code>/dev/root_partition</code><td>Root Partition<td></table><p>BIOS/GPT layout:<table><thead><tr><th>Mount point<th>Partition<th>Partition type<th>Suggested size<tbody><tr><td><td><td>BIOS boot partition<td>1 MiB<tr><td><code>/mnt</code><td><code>/dev/root_partition</code><td>Root Partition<td></table><p>LVM:<pre><code class=language-sh># Create physical volumes +pvcreate /dev/sdaX + +# Create volume groups +vgcreate RootGroup /dev/sdaX /dev/sdaY + +# Create logical volumes +lvcreate -l +100%FREE RootGroup -n rootvol +</code></pre><p>Format:<pre><code class=language-sh># efi +mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/efi_system_partition + +# boot +mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/extended_boot_loader_partition + +# root +mkfs.ext4 -L ROOT /dev/root_partition + +# root with btrfs +mkfs.btrfs -L ROOT /dev/root_partition + +# root on lvm +mkfs.ext4 /dev/RootGroup/rootvol +</code></pre><p>Mount:<pre><code class=language-sh># root +mount /dev/root_partition /mnt + +# root with btrfs +mount -o compress=zstd /dev/root_partition /mnt + +# root on lvm +mount /dev/RootGroup/rootvol /mnt + +# efi +mount --mkdir /dev/efi_system_partition /mnt/efi + +# boot +mount --mkdir /dev/extended_boot_loader_partition /mnt/boot +</code></pre><h3>Installation</h3><pre><code class=language-sh>pacstrap -K /mnt base linux linux-firmware + +# AMD +pacstrap -K /mnt amd-ucode + +# Intel +pacstrap -K /mnt intel-ucode + +# Btrfs +pacstrap -K /mnt btrfs-progs + +# LVM +pacstrap -K /mnt lvm2 + +# Text editor +pacstrap -K /mnt neovim +</code></pre><h3>Configure</h3><h4><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstab>fstab</a></h4><pre><code class=language-sh>genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab +</code></pre><h4>Chroot</h4><pre><code class=language-sh>arch-chroot /mnt +</code></pre><h4>Time zone</h4><pre><code class=language-sh>ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Region/City /etc/localtime + +hwclock --systohc +</code></pre><h4>Localization:</h4><p>Edit <code>/etc/locale.gen</code>:<pre><code class=language-txt># Uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 +</code></pre><p>Generate locales:<pre><code class=language-sh>locale-gen +</code></pre><p>Edit <code>/etc/locale.conf</code>:<pre><code class=language-txt>LANG=en_US.UTF-8 +</code></pre><h4>Network configuration</h4><p>Edit <code>/etc/hostname</code>:<pre><code class=language-txt>myhostname +</code></pre><h4>Initramfs</h4><p>Edit <code>/etc/mkinitcpio.conf</code>:<pre><code class=language-txt># LVM +# https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Install_Arch_Linux_on_LVM#Adding_mkinitcpio_hooks +HOOKS=(base udev ... block lvm2 filesystems) + +# https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/mkinitcpio#Common_hooks +# Replace udev with systemd +</code></pre><pre><code class=language-sh>mkinitcpio -P +</code></pre><h4>Root password</h4><pre><code class=language-sh>passwd +</code></pre><h4>Addition</h4><pre><code class=language-sh># NetworkManager +pacman -Syu networkmanager +systemctl enable NetworkManager.service + +# Bluetooth +pacman -Syu bluez +systemctl enable bluetooth.service + +# Clock +timedatectl set-ntp true +</code></pre><h4>Boot loader</h4><p><a href=Applications/System/systemd-boot.md>systemd-boot</a><p><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB>GRUB</a><h2><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/General_recommendations>General recommendations</a></h2><p>Always remember to check <strong>dependencies</strong> when install packages.<h3>System administration</h3><p><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/sudo>Sudo</a>:<pre><code class=language-sh>pacman -Syu sudo + +EDITOR=nvim visudo +# Uncomment group wheel + +# Add user if don't want to use systemd-homed +useradd -m -G wheel -c "The Joker" joker + +# Or using zsh +useradd -m -G wheel -s /usr/bin/zsh -c "The Joker" joker + +# Set password +passwd joker +</code></pre><p><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd-homed>systemd-homed (WIP)</a>:<pre><code class=language-sh>systemctl enable systemd-homed.service + +homectl create joker --real-name="The Joker" --member-of=wheel + +# Using zsh +homectl update joker --shell=/usr/bin/zsh +</code></pre><p><strong>Note</strong>:<br>Can not run <code>homectl</code> when install Arch Linux.<br>Should run on the first boot.<h3>Desktop Environment</h3><p>Install <a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xorg>Xorg</a>:<pre><code class=language-sh>pacman -Syu xorg-server +</code></pre><h4><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GNOME>GNOME</a></h4><pre><code class=language-sh>pacman -Syu gnome-shell \ + gnome-control-center gnome-system-monitor \ + gnome-tweaks gnome-backgrounds gnome-screenshot gnome-keyring gnome-logs \ + gnome-console gnome-text-editor \ + nautilus xdg-user-dirs-gtk file-roller evince eog + +# Login manager +pacman -Syu gdm +systemctl enable gdm.service +</code></pre><h4><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/KDE>KDE (WIP)</a></h4><pre><code class=language-sh>pacman -Syu plasma-meta \ + kde-system-meta + +# Login manager +pacman -Syu sddm +systemctl enable sddm.service +</code></pre><h2><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/List_of_applications>List of applications</a></h2><h3><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/pacman>pacman</a></h3><p>Uncomment in <code>/etc/pacman.conf</code>:<pre><code class=language-txt># Misc options +Color +ParallelDownloads +</code></pre><h3><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/PipeWire>Pipewire (WIP)</a></h3><pre><code class=language-sh>pacman -Syu pipewire wireplumber \ + pipewire-alsa pipewire-pulse \ + gst-plugin-pipewire pipewire-v4l2 +</code></pre><h3><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Flatpak>Flatpak (WIP)</a></h3><pre><code class=language-sh>pacman -Syu flatpak +</code></pre><h2><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/improving_performance>Improving performance</a></h2><p><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/swap#Swap_file>https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/swap#Swap_file</a><p><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/swap#Swappiness>https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/swap#Swappiness</a><p><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd/Journal#Journal_size_limit>https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd/Journal#Journal_size_limit</a><p><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Core_dump#Disabling_automatic_core_dumps>https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Core_dump#Disabling_automatic_core_dumps</a><p><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Solid_state_drive#Periodic_TRIM>https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Solid_state_drive#Periodic_TRIM</a><p><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Silent_boot>https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Silent_boot</a><p><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Improving_performance#Watchdogs>https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Improving_performance#Watchdogs</a><p><a href=https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/PRIME>https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/PRIME</a><h2>In the end</h2><p>This guide is updated regularly I promise.</p><a href=mailto:hauvipapro+posts@gmail.com>Feel free to ask me via email</a> +<a rel=me href=https://hachyderm.io/@haunguyen>Mastodon</a> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/posts/2022-12-25-archlinux.md b/posts/2022-12-25-archlinux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92a9075 --- /dev/null +++ b/posts/2022-12-25-archlinux.md @@ -0,0 +1,340 @@ +# Install Arch Linux + +Install Arch Linux is thing I always want to do for my laptop/PC since I had my laptop in ninth grade. + +This is not a guide for everyone, this is just save for myself in a future and for anyone who want to walk in my shoes. + +## [Installation guide](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide) + +### Pre-installation + +Check disks carefully: + +```sh +lsblk +``` + +[USB flash installation medium](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/USB_flash_installation_medium) + +#### Verify the boot mode + +Check UEFI mode: + +```sh +ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars +``` + +#### Connect to the internet + +For wifi, use [iwd](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Iwd). + +#### Partition the disks + +[GPT fdisk](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GPT_fdisk): + +```sh +cgdisk /dev/sdx +``` + +[Partition scheme](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning#Partition_scheme) + +UEFI/GPT layout: + +| Mount point | Partition | Partition type | Suggested size | +| ----------- | ------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | -------------- | +| `/mnt/efi` | `/dev/efi_system_partition` | EFI System Partition | 512 MiB | +| `/mnt/boot` | `/dev/extended_boot_loader_partition` | Extended Boot Loader Partition | 1 GiB | +| `/mnt` | `/dev/root_partition` | Root Partition | | + +BIOS/GPT layout: + +| Mount point | Partition | Partition type | Suggested size | +| ----------- | --------------------- | ------------------- | -------------- | +| | | BIOS boot partition | 1 MiB | +| `/mnt` | `/dev/root_partition` | Root Partition | | + +LVM: + +```sh +# Create physical volumes +pvcreate /dev/sdaX + +# Create volume groups +vgcreate RootGroup /dev/sdaX /dev/sdaY + +# Create logical volumes +lvcreate -l +100%FREE RootGroup -n rootvol +``` + +Format: + +```sh +# efi +mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/efi_system_partition + +# boot +mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/extended_boot_loader_partition + +# root +mkfs.ext4 -L ROOT /dev/root_partition + +# root with btrfs +mkfs.btrfs -L ROOT /dev/root_partition + +# root on lvm +mkfs.ext4 /dev/RootGroup/rootvol +``` + +Mount: + +```sh +# root +mount /dev/root_partition /mnt + +# root with btrfs +mount -o compress=zstd /dev/root_partition /mnt + +# root on lvm +mount /dev/RootGroup/rootvol /mnt + +# efi +mount --mkdir /dev/efi_system_partition /mnt/efi + +# boot +mount --mkdir /dev/extended_boot_loader_partition /mnt/boot +``` + +### Installation + +```sh +pacstrap -K /mnt base linux linux-firmware + +# AMD +pacstrap -K /mnt amd-ucode + +# Intel +pacstrap -K /mnt intel-ucode + +# Btrfs +pacstrap -K /mnt btrfs-progs + +# LVM +pacstrap -K /mnt lvm2 + +# Text editor +pacstrap -K /mnt neovim +``` + +### Configure + +#### [fstab](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstab) + +```sh +genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab +``` + +#### Chroot + +```sh +arch-chroot /mnt +``` + +#### Time zone + +```sh +ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Region/City /etc/localtime + +hwclock --systohc +``` + +#### Localization: + +Edit `/etc/locale.gen`: + +```txt +# Uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 +``` + +Generate locales: + +```sh +locale-gen +``` + +Edit `/etc/locale.conf`: + +```txt +LANG=en_US.UTF-8 +``` + +#### Network configuration + +Edit `/etc/hostname`: + +```txt +myhostname +``` + +#### Initramfs + +Edit `/etc/mkinitcpio.conf`: + +```txt +# LVM +# https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Install_Arch_Linux_on_LVM#Adding_mkinitcpio_hooks +HOOKS=(base udev ... block lvm2 filesystems) + +# https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/mkinitcpio#Common_hooks +# Replace udev with systemd +``` + +```sh +mkinitcpio -P +``` + +#### Root password + +```sh +passwd +``` + +#### Addition + +```sh +# NetworkManager +pacman -Syu networkmanager +systemctl enable NetworkManager.service + +# Bluetooth +pacman -Syu bluez +systemctl enable bluetooth.service + +# Clock +timedatectl set-ntp true +``` + +#### Boot loader + +[systemd-boot](Applications/System/systemd-boot.md) + +[GRUB](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB) + +## [General recommendations](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/General_recommendations) + +Always remember to check **dependencies** when install packages. + +### System administration + +[Sudo](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/sudo): + +```sh +pacman -Syu sudo + +EDITOR=nvim visudo +# Uncomment group wheel + +# Add user if don't want to use systemd-homed +useradd -m -G wheel -c "The Joker" joker + +# Or using zsh +useradd -m -G wheel -s /usr/bin/zsh -c "The Joker" joker + +# Set password +passwd joker +``` + +[systemd-homed (WIP)](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd-homed): + +```sh +systemctl enable systemd-homed.service + +homectl create joker --real-name="The Joker" --member-of=wheel + +# Using zsh +homectl update joker --shell=/usr/bin/zsh +``` + +**Note**: +Can not run `homectl` when install Arch Linux. +Should run on the first boot. + +### Desktop Environment + +Install [Xorg](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xorg): + +```sh +pacman -Syu xorg-server +``` + +#### [GNOME](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GNOME) + +```sh +pacman -Syu gnome-shell \ + gnome-control-center gnome-system-monitor \ + gnome-tweaks gnome-backgrounds gnome-screenshot gnome-keyring gnome-logs \ + gnome-console gnome-text-editor \ + nautilus xdg-user-dirs-gtk file-roller evince eog + +# Login manager +pacman -Syu gdm +systemctl enable gdm.service +``` + +#### [KDE (WIP)](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/KDE) + +```sh +pacman -Syu plasma-meta \ + kde-system-meta + +# Login manager +pacman -Syu sddm +systemctl enable sddm.service +``` + +## [List of applications](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/List_of_applications) + +### [pacman](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/pacman) + +Uncomment in `/etc/pacman.conf`: + +```txt +# Misc options +Color +ParallelDownloads +``` + +### [Pipewire (WIP)](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/PipeWire) + +```sh +pacman -Syu pipewire wireplumber \ + pipewire-alsa pipewire-pulse \ + gst-plugin-pipewire pipewire-v4l2 +``` + +### [Flatpak (WIP)](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Flatpak) + +```sh +pacman -Syu flatpak +``` + +## [Improving performance](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/improving_performance) + +https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/swap#Swap_file + +https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/swap#Swappiness + +https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd/Journal#Journal_size_limit + +https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Core_dump#Disabling_automatic_core_dumps + +https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Solid_state_drive#Periodic_TRIM + +https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Silent_boot + +https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Improving_performance#Watchdogs + +https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/PRIME + +## In the end + +This guide is updated regularly I promise.