1013 lines
40 KiB
HTML
1013 lines
40 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8" />
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
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<link
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rel="stylesheet"
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href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/github-markdown-css/5.3.0/github-markdown.min.css"
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/>
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<title>haunt98 posts</title>
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</head>
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<style>
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.markdown-body {
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box-sizing: border-box;
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min-width: 200px;
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max-width: 980px;
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margin: 0 auto;
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padding: 45px;
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}
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@media (max-width: 767px) {
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.markdown-body {
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padding: 15px;
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}
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}
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</style>
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<body class="markdown-body">
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<h2>
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<a href="index.html"><code>~</code></a>
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</h2>
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<h1>
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<a
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id="user-content-bootstrap-go"
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class="anchor"
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aria-hidden="true"
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tabindex="-1"
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href="#bootstrap-go"
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><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
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>Bootstrap Go
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</h1>
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<p>
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It is hard to write bootstrap tool to quickly create Go service. So I
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write this guide instead. This is a quick checklist for me every damn time
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I need to write a Go service from scratch. Also, this is my personal
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opinion, so feel free to comment.
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</p>
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<h2>
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<a
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id="user-content-structure"
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class="anchor"
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aria-hidden="true"
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tabindex="-1"
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href="#structure"
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><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
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>Structure
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</h2>
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<div class="highlight highlight-text-adblock">
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<pre>
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main.go
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internal
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business
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http
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handler.go
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service.go
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models.go
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grpc
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handler.go
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models.go
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consumer
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handler.go
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service.go
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models.go
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service.go
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repository.go
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models.go</pre
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>
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</div>
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<p>
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All business codes are inside <code>internal</code>. Each business has a
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different directory <code>business</code>.
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</p>
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<p>
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Inside each business, there are 2 handlers: <code>http</code>,
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<code>grpc</code>:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<code>http</code> is for public APIs (Android, iOS, ... are clients).
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</li>
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<li>
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<code>grpc</code> is for internal APIs (other services are clients).
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</li>
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<li>
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<code>consumer</code> is for consuming messages from queue (Kafka,
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RabbitMQ, ...).
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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For each handler, there are usually 3 layers: <code>handler</code>,
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<code>service</code>, <code>repository</code>:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<code>handler</code> interacts directly with gRPC, REST or consumer
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using specific codes (cookies, ...) In case gRPC, there are frameworks
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outside handle for us so we can write business/logic codes here too. But
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remember, gRPC only.
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</li>
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<li>
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<code>service</code> is where we write business/logic codes, and only
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business/logic codes is written here.
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</li>
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<li>
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<code>repository</code> is where we write codes which interacts with
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database/cache like MySQL, Redis, ...
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</li>
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<li>
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<code>models</code> is where we put all request, response, data models.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Location:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<code>handler</code> must exist inside <code>grpc</code>,
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<code>http</code>, <code>consumer</code>.
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</li>
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<li>
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<code>service</code>, <code>models</code> can exist directly inside of
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<code>business</code> if both <code>grpc</code>, <code>http</code>,
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<code>consumer</code> has same business/logic.
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</li>
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<li>
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<code>repository</code> should be placed directly inside of
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<code>business</code>.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>
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<a
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id="user-content-do-not-repeat"
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class="anchor"
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aria-hidden="true"
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tabindex="-1"
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href="#do-not-repeat"
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><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
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>Do not repeat!
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</h2>
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<p>If we have too many services, some of the logic will be overlapped.</p>
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<p>
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For example, service A and service B both need to make POST call API to
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service C. If service A and service B both have libs to call service C to
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do that API, we need to move the libs to some common pkg libs. So in the
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future, service D which needs to call C will not need to copy libs to
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handle service C api but only need to import from common pkg libs.
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</p>
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<p>
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Another bad practice is adapter service. No need to write a new service if
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what we need is just common pkg libs.
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</p>
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<h2>
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<a
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id="user-content-taste-on-style-guide"
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class="anchor"
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aria-hidden="true"
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tabindex="-1"
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href="#taste-on-style-guide"
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><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
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>Taste on style guide
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</h2>
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<h3>
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<a
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id="user-content-stop-using-global-var"
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class="anchor"
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aria-hidden="true"
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tabindex="-1"
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href="#stop-using-global-var"
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><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
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>Stop using global var
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</h3>
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<p>
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If I see someone using global var, I swear I will shoot them twice in the
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face.
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</p>
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<p>Why?</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Can not write unit test.</li>
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<li>Is not thread safe.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>
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<a
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id="user-content-use-functional-options-but-dont-overuse-it"
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class="anchor"
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aria-hidden="true"
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tabindex="-1"
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href="#use-functional-options-but-dont-overuse-it"
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><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
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>Use functional options, but don't overuse it!
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</h3>
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<p>
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For simple struct with 1 or 2 fields, no need to use functional options.
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</p>
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<p>
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<a href="https://go.dev/play/p/0XnOLiHuoz3" rel="nofollow">Example</a>:
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</p>
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<div class="highlight highlight-source-go">
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<pre><span class="pl-k">func</span> <span class="pl-en">main</span>() {
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<span class="pl-s1">s</span> <span class="pl-c1">:=</span> <span class="pl-en">NewS</span>(<span class="pl-en">WithA</span>(<span class="pl-c1">1</span>), <span class="pl-en">WithB</span>(<span class="pl-s">"b"</span>))
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<span class="pl-s1">fmt</span>.<span class="pl-en">Printf</span>(<span class="pl-s">"%+v<span class="pl-cce">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="pl-s1">s</span>)
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}
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<span class="pl-k">type</span> <span class="pl-smi">S</span> <span class="pl-k">struct</span> {
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<span class="pl-c1">fieldA</span> <span class="pl-smi">int</span>
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<span class="pl-c1">fieldB</span> <span class="pl-smi">string</span>
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}
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<span class="pl-k">type</span> <span class="pl-smi">OptionS</span> <span class="pl-k">func</span>(<span class="pl-s1">s</span> <span class="pl-c1">*</span><span class="pl-smi">S</span>)
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<span class="pl-k">func</span> <span class="pl-en">WithA</span>(<span class="pl-s1">a</span> <span class="pl-smi">int</span>) <span class="pl-smi">OptionS</span> {
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<span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-k">func</span>(<span class="pl-s1">s</span> <span class="pl-c1">*</span><span class="pl-smi">S</span>) {
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<span class="pl-s1">s</span>.<span class="pl-c1">fieldA</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">a</span>
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}
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}
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<span class="pl-k">func</span> <span class="pl-en">WithB</span>(<span class="pl-s1">b</span> <span class="pl-smi">string</span>) <span class="pl-smi">OptionS</span> {
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<span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-k">func</span>(<span class="pl-s1">s</span> <span class="pl-c1">*</span><span class="pl-smi">S</span>) {
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<span class="pl-s1">s</span>.<span class="pl-c1">fieldB</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">b</span>
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}
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}
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<span class="pl-k">func</span> <span class="pl-en">NewS</span>(<span class="pl-s1">opts</span> <span class="pl-c1">...</span><span class="pl-smi">OptionS</span>) <span class="pl-c1">*</span><span class="pl-smi">S</span> {
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<span class="pl-s1">s</span> <span class="pl-c1">:=</span> <span class="pl-c1">&</span><span class="pl-smi">S</span>{}
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<span class="pl-k">for</span> <span class="pl-s1">_</span>, <span class="pl-s1">opt</span> <span class="pl-c1">:=</span> <span class="pl-k">range</span> <span class="pl-s1">opts</span> {
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<span class="pl-en">opt</span>(<span class="pl-s1">s</span>)
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}
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<span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-s1">s</span>
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}</pre>
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</div>
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<p>
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In above example, I construct <code>s</code> with <code>WithA</code> and
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<code>WithB</code> option. No need to pass direct field inside
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<code>s</code>.
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</p>
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<h3>
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<a
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id="user-content-use-errgroup-as-much-as-possible"
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class="anchor"
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aria-hidden="true"
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tabindex="-1"
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href="#use-errgroup-as-much-as-possible"
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><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
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>Use
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<a href="https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/sync/errgroup" rel="nofollow"
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>errgroup</a
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>
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as much as possible
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</h3>
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<p>
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If business logic involves calling too many APIs, but they are not depend
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on each other. We can fire them parallel :)
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</p>
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<p>
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Personally, I prefer <code>errgroup</code> to <code>WaitGroup</code> (<a
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href="https://pkg.go.dev/sync#WaitGroup"
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rel="nofollow"
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>https://pkg.go.dev/sync#WaitGroup</a
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>). Because I always need deal with error. Be super careful with
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<code>egCtx</code>, should use this instead of parent
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<code>ctx</code> inside <code>eg.Go</code>.
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</p>
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<p>Example:</p>
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<div class="highlight highlight-source-go">
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<pre><span class="pl-s1">eg</span>, <span class="pl-s1">egCtx</span> <span class="pl-c1">:=</span> <span class="pl-s1">errgroup</span>.<span class="pl-en">WithContext</span>(<span class="pl-s1">ctx</span>)
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<span class="pl-s1">eg</span>.<span class="pl-en">Go</span>(<span class="pl-k">func</span>() <span class="pl-smi">error</span> {
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<span class="pl-c">// Do some thing</span>
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<span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">nil</span>
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})
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<span class="pl-s1">eg</span>.<span class="pl-en">Go</span>(<span class="pl-k">func</span>() <span class="pl-smi">error</span> {
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<span class="pl-c">// Do other thing</span>
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<span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">nil</span>
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})
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<span class="pl-k">if</span> <span class="pl-s1">err</span> <span class="pl-c1">:=</span> <span class="pl-s1">eg</span>.<span class="pl-en">Wait</span>(); <span class="pl-s1">err</span> <span class="pl-c1">!=</span> <span class="pl-c1">nil</span> {
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<span class="pl-c">// Handle error</span>
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}</pre>
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</div>
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<h3>
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<a
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id="user-content-use-semaphore-when-need-to-implement-workerpool"
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class="anchor"
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aria-hidden="true"
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tabindex="-1"
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href="#use-semaphore-when-need-to-implement-workerpool"
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><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
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>Use
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<a href="https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/sync/semaphore" rel="nofollow"
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>semaphore</a
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>
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when need to implement WorkerPool
|
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</h3>
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<p>
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Please don't use external libs for WorkerPool, I don't want to deal with
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dependency hell.
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</p>
|
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<h3>
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<a
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id="user-content-use-syncpool-when-need-to-reuse-object-mainly-for-bytesbuffer"
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class="anchor"
|
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aria-hidden="true"
|
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tabindex="-1"
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href="#use-syncpool-when-need-to-reuse-object-mainly-for-bytesbuffer"
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><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
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>Use
|
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<a href="https://pkg.go.dev/sync#Pool" rel="nofollow">sync.Pool</a> when
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need to reuse object, mainly for <code>bytes.Buffer</code>
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</h3>
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<p>Example:</p>
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<div class="highlight highlight-source-go">
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<pre><span class="pl-k">var</span> <span class="pl-s1">bufPool</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> sync.<span class="pl-smi">Pool</span>{
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<span class="pl-c1">New</span>: <span class="pl-k">func</span>() <span class="pl-smi">any</span> {
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<span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-en">new</span>(bytes.<span class="pl-smi">Buffer</span>)
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},
|
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}
|
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|
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<span class="pl-k">func</span> <span class="pl-en">MarshalWithoutEscapeHTML</span>(<span class="pl-s1">v</span> <span class="pl-smi">any</span>) ([]<span class="pl-smi">byte</span>, <span class="pl-smi">error</span>) {
|
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<span class="pl-s1">b</span>, <span class="pl-s1">ok</span> <span class="pl-c1">:=</span> <span class="pl-s1">bufPool</span>.<span class="pl-en">Get</span>().(<span class="pl-c1">*</span>bytes.<span class="pl-smi">Buffer</span>)
|
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<span class="pl-k">if</span> <span class="pl-c1">!</span><span class="pl-s1">ok</span> {
|
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<span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">nil</span>, <span class="pl-s1">ErrBufPoolNotBytesBuffer</span>
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}
|
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|
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<span class="pl-s1">b</span>.<span class="pl-en">Reset</span>()
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<span class="pl-k">defer</span> <span class="pl-s1">bufPool</span>.<span class="pl-en">Put</span>(<span class="pl-s1">b</span>)
|
|
|
|
<span class="pl-s1">encoder</span> <span class="pl-c1">:=</span> <span class="pl-s1">json</span>.<span class="pl-en">NewEncoder</span>(<span class="pl-s1">b</span>)
|
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<span class="pl-s1">encoder</span>.<span class="pl-en">SetEscapeHTML</span>(<span class="pl-c1">false</span>)
|
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<span class="pl-k">if</span> <span class="pl-s1">err</span> <span class="pl-c1">:=</span> <span class="pl-s1">encoder</span>.<span class="pl-en">Encode</span>(<span class="pl-s1">v</span>); <span class="pl-s1">err</span> <span class="pl-c1">!=</span> <span class="pl-c1">nil</span> {
|
|
<span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">nil</span>, <span class="pl-s1">err</span>
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<span class="pl-s1">result</span> <span class="pl-c1">:=</span> <span class="pl-en">make</span>([]<span class="pl-smi">byte</span>, <span class="pl-s1">b</span>.<span class="pl-en">Len</span>())
|
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<span class="pl-en">copy</span>(<span class="pl-s1">result</span>, <span class="pl-s1">b</span>.<span class="pl-en">Bytes</span>())
|
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<span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-s1">result</span>, <span class="pl-c1">nil</span>
|
|
}</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-generics-with-some-tricks"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#generics-with-some-tricks"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span
|
|
></a>
|
|
<a href="https://go.dev/doc/tutorial/generics" rel="nofollow">Generics</a>
|
|
with some tricks
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Take value then return pointer, useful with database struct full of
|
|
pointers:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight highlight-source-go">
|
|
<pre><span class="pl-c">// Ptr takes in non-pointer and returns a pointer</span>
|
|
<span class="pl-k">func</span> <span class="pl-s1">Ptr</span>[<span class="pl-s1">T</span> <span class="pl-en">any</span>](<span class="pl-s1">v</span> <span class="pl-smi">T</span>) <span class="pl-c1">*</span><span class="pl-smi">T</span> {
|
|
<span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">&</span><span class="pl-s1">v</span>
|
|
}</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Return zero value:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight highlight-source-go">
|
|
<pre><span class="pl-k">func</span> <span class="pl-en">Zero</span>[<span class="pl-s1">T</span> <span class="pl-s1">any</span>]() <span class="pl-smi">T</span> {
|
|
<span class="pl-k">var</span> <span class="pl-s1">zero</span> <span class="pl-smi">T</span>
|
|
<span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-s1">zero</span>
|
|
}</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h2>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-external-libs"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#external-libs"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>External libs
|
|
</h2>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-no-need-vendor"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#no-need-vendor"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>No need <code>vendor</code>
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Only need if you need something from <code>vendor</code>, to generate mock
|
|
or something else.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-use-buildgo-to-include-build-tools-in-gomod"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#use-buildgo-to-include-build-tools-in-gomod"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>Use <code>build.go</code> to include build tools in go.mod
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p>To easily control version of build tools.</p>
|
|
<p>For example <code>build.go</code>:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight highlight-source-go">
|
|
<pre><span class="pl-c">//go:build tools</span>
|
|
<span class="pl-c">// +build tools</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="pl-k">package</span> main
|
|
|
|
<span class="pl-k">import</span> (
|
|
_ <span class="pl-s">"github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go"</span>
|
|
)</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>And then in <code>Makefile</code>:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight highlight-source-makefile">
|
|
<pre><span class="pl-en">build</span>:
|
|
go install github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>
|
|
We always get the version of build tools in <code>go.mod</code> each time
|
|
we install it. Future contributors will not cry anymore.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-dont-use-cli-libs-spf13cobra-urfavecli-just-for-go-service"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#dont-use-cli-libs-spf13cobra-urfavecli-just-for-go-service"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>Don't use cli libs (<a href="https://github.com/spf13/cobra"
|
|
>spf13/cobra</a
|
|
>, <a href="https://github.com/urfave/cli">urfave/cli</a>) just for Go
|
|
service
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p>
|
|
What is the point to pass many params (<code>do-it</code>,
|
|
<code>--abc</code>, <code>--xyz</code>) when what we only need is start
|
|
service?
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
In my case, service starts with only config, and config should be read
|
|
from file or environment like
|
|
<a href="https://12factor.net/" rel="nofollow">The Twelve Factors</a>
|
|
guide.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-dont-use-grpc-ecosystemgrpc-gateway"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#dont-use-grpc-ecosystemgrpc-gateway"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>Don't use
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway"
|
|
>grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway</a
|
|
>
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p>Just don't.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Use
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf-go"
|
|
>protocolbuffers/protobuf-go</a
|
|
>, <a href="https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go">grpc/grpc-go</a> for gRPC.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Write 1 for both gRPC, REST sounds good, but in the end, it is not worth
|
|
it.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-dont-use-uberprototool-use-bufbuildbuf"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#dont-use-uberprototool-use-bufbuildbuf"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>Don't use <a href="https://github.com/uber/prototool">uber/prototool</a>,
|
|
use <a href="https://github.com/bufbuild/buf">bufbuild/buf</a>
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p>
|
|
prototool is deprecated, and buf can generate, lint, format as good as
|
|
prototool.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-use-gin-gonicgin-for-rest"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#use-gin-gonicgin-for-rest"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>Use <a href="https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin">gin-gonic/gin</a> for
|
|
REST.
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p>With <code>c *gin.Context</code>:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Don't use <code>c</code> when passing context, use
|
|
<code>c.Request.Context()</code> instead.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Don't use <code>c.Request.URL.Path</code>, use
|
|
<code>c.FullPath()</code> instead.
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>Remember to free resources after parse multipart form:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight highlight-source-go">
|
|
<pre><span class="pl-k">defer</span> <span class="pl-k">func</span>() {
|
|
<span class="pl-k">if</span> <span class="pl-s1">err</span> <span class="pl-c1">:=</span> <span class="pl-s1">c</span>.<span class="pl-c1">Request</span>.<span class="pl-c1">MultipartForm</span>.<span class="pl-en">RemoveAll</span>(); <span class="pl-s1">err</span> <span class="pl-c1">!=</span> <span class="pl-c1">nil</span> {
|
|
<span class="pl-s1">fmt</span>.<span class="pl-en">Println</span>(<span class="pl-s1">err</span>)
|
|
}
|
|
}()</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-if-you-want-log-just-use-uber-gozap"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#if-you-want-log-just-use-uber-gozap"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>If you want log, just use
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/uber-go/zap">uber-go/zap</a>
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p>It is fast!</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Don't overuse <code>func (*Logger) With</code>. Because if log line is
|
|
too long, there is a possibility that we can lost it.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Use <code>MarshalLogObject</code> when we need to hide some field of
|
|
object when log (field is long or has sensitive value)
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Don't use <code>Panic</code>. Use <code>Fatal</code> for errors when
|
|
start service to check dependencies. If you really need panic level, use
|
|
<code>DPanic</code>.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>If doubt, use <code>zap.Any</code>.</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Use <code>contextID</code> or <code>traceID</code> in every log lines
|
|
for easily debug.
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-to-read-config-use-spf13viper"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#to-read-config-use-spf13viper"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>To read config, use
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/spf13/viper">spf13/viper</a>
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Only init config in main or cmd layer. Do not use
|
|
<code>viper.Get...</code> in business layer or inside business layer.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Why?</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Hard to mock and test</li>
|
|
<li>Put all config in single place for easily tracking</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Also, be careful if config value is empty. You should decide to continue
|
|
or stop the service if there is empty config.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-dont-overuse-orm-libs-no-need-to-handle-another-layer-above-sql"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#dont-overuse-orm-libs-no-need-to-handle-another-layer-above-sql"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>Don't overuse ORM libs, no need to handle another layer above SQL.
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Each ORM libs has each different syntax. To learn and use those libs
|
|
correctly is time consuming. So just stick to plain SQL. It is easier to
|
|
debug when something is wrong.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Also please use
|
|
<a href="https://go.dev/doc/database/prepared-statements" rel="nofollow"
|
|
>prepared statement</a
|
|
>
|
|
as much as possible. Idealy, we should init all prepared statement when we
|
|
init database connection to cached it, not create it every time we need
|
|
it.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
But <code>database/sql</code> has its own limit. For example, it is hard
|
|
to get primary key after insert/update. So may be you want to use ORM for
|
|
those cases. I hear that
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/go-gorm/gorm">go-gorm/gorm</a> is good.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-connect-redis-with-redisgo-redis"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#connect-redis-with-redisgo-redis"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>Connect Redis with
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/redis/go-redis">redis/go-redis</a>
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Be careful when use
|
|
<a href="https://redis.io/commands/hgetall/" rel="nofollow">HGETALL</a>.
|
|
If key not found, empty data will be returned not nil error. See
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/redis/go-redis/issues/1668"
|
|
>redis/go-redis/issues/1668</a
|
|
>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Use
|
|
<a
|
|
href="https://redis.uptrace.dev/guide/go-redis-pipelines.html"
|
|
rel="nofollow"
|
|
>Pipelines</a
|
|
>
|
|
for:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>HSET and EXPIRE in 1 command.</li>
|
|
<li>Multiple GET in 1 command.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Prefer to use <code>Pipelined</code> instead of <code>Pipeline</code>.
|
|
Inside <code>Pipelined</code>, please return <code>redis.Cmder</code> for
|
|
each command.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Example:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight highlight-source-go">
|
|
<pre><span class="pl-k">func</span> (<span class="pl-s1">c</span> <span class="pl-c1">*</span><span class="pl-smi">client</span>) <span class="pl-en">HSetWithExpire</span>(<span class="pl-s1">ctx</span> context.<span class="pl-smi">Context</span>, <span class="pl-s1">key</span> <span class="pl-smi">string</span>, <span class="pl-s1">values</span> []<span class="pl-smi">any</span>, <span class="pl-s1">expired</span> time.<span class="pl-smi">Duration</span>) <span class="pl-smi">error</span> {
|
|
<span class="pl-s1">cmds</span> <span class="pl-c1">:=</span> <span class="pl-en">make</span>([]redis.<span class="pl-smi">Cmder</span>, <span class="pl-c1">2</span>)
|
|
|
|
<span class="pl-k">if</span> <span class="pl-s1">_</span>, <span class="pl-s1">err</span> <span class="pl-c1">:=</span> <span class="pl-s1">c</span>.<span class="pl-en">Pipelined</span>(<span class="pl-s1">ctx</span>, <span class="pl-k">func</span>(<span class="pl-s1">pipe</span> redis.<span class="pl-smi">Pipeliner</span>) <span class="pl-smi">error</span> {
|
|
<span class="pl-s1">cmds</span>[<span class="pl-c1">0</span>] <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">pipe</span>.<span class="pl-en">HSet</span>(<span class="pl-s1">ctx</span>, <span class="pl-s1">key</span>, <span class="pl-s1">values</span><span class="pl-c1">...</span>)
|
|
|
|
<span class="pl-k">if</span> <span class="pl-s1">expired</span> <span class="pl-c1">></span> <span class="pl-c1">0</span> {
|
|
<span class="pl-s1">cmds</span>[<span class="pl-c1">1</span>] <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">pipe</span>.<span class="pl-en">Expire</span>(<span class="pl-s1">ctx</span>, <span class="pl-s1">key</span>, <span class="pl-s1">expired</span>)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">nil</span>
|
|
}); <span class="pl-s1">err</span> <span class="pl-c1">!=</span> <span class="pl-c1">nil</span> {
|
|
<span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-s1">err</span>
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<span class="pl-k">for</span> <span class="pl-s1">_</span>, <span class="pl-s1">cmd</span> <span class="pl-c1">:=</span> <span class="pl-k">range</span> <span class="pl-s1">cmds</span> {
|
|
<span class="pl-k">if</span> <span class="pl-s1">cmd</span> <span class="pl-c1">==</span> <span class="pl-c1">nil</span> {
|
|
<span class="pl-k">continue</span>
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<span class="pl-k">if</span> <span class="pl-s1">err</span> <span class="pl-c1">:=</span> <span class="pl-s1">cmd</span>.<span class="pl-en">Err</span>(); <span class="pl-s1">err</span> <span class="pl-c1">!=</span> <span class="pl-c1">nil</span> {
|
|
<span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-s1">err</span>
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
<span class="pl-k">return</span> <span class="pl-c1">nil</span>
|
|
}</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Remember to config:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><code>ReadTimeout</code>, <code>WriteTimeout</code></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-connect-mysql-with-go-sql-drivermysql"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#connect-mysql-with-go-sql-drivermysql"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>Connect MySQL with
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql">go-sql-driver/mysql</a>
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p>Remember to config:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><code>SetConnMaxLifetime</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>SetMaxOpenConns</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>SetMaxIdleConns</code></li>
|
|
<li><code>ParseTime</code> to true.</li>
|
|
<li><code>Loc</code> to <code>time.UTC</code>.</li>
|
|
<li><code>CheckConnLiveness</code> to true.</li>
|
|
<li><code>ReadTimeout</code>, <code>WriteTimeout</code></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-connect-sqlite-with-moderncorgsqlite"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#connect-sqlite-with-moderncorgsqlite"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>Connect SQLite with
|
|
<a href="https://gitlab.com/cznic/sqlite" rel="nofollow"
|
|
>modernc.org/sqlite</a
|
|
>
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p>Remember to config:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Write-Ahead Logging: <code>PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL</code></li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Disable connections pool with <code>SetMaxOpenConns</code> sets to 1
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Don't use
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3">mattn/go-sqlite3</a>, it's
|
|
required <code>CGO_ENABLED</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-connect-kafka-with-ibmsarama"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#connect-kafka-with-ibmsarama"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>Connect Kafka with <a href="https://github.com/IBM/sarama">IBM/sarama</a>
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Use <code>sarama.V1_0_0_0</code>, because IBM decide to upgrade default
|
|
version.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Don't use
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/confluentinc/confluent-kafka-go"
|
|
>confluentinc/confluent-kafka-go</a
|
|
>, it's required <code>CGO_ENABLED</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-if-you-want-test-just-use-stretchrtestify"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#if-you-want-test-just-use-stretchrtestify"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>If you want test, just use
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/stretchr/testify">stretchr/testify</a>.
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p>
|
|
It is easy to write a suite test, thanks to testify. Also, for mocking,
|
|
there are many options out there. Pick 1 then sleep peacefully.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-if-need-to-mock-choose-matryermoq-or-ubermock"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#if-need-to-mock-choose-matryermoq-or-ubermock"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>If need to mock, choose
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/matryer/moq">matryer/moq</a> or
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/uber/mock">uber/mock</a>
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The first is easy to use but not powerful as the later. If you want to
|
|
make sure mock func is called with correct times, use the later.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Example with <code>matryer/moq</code>:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight highlight-source-go">
|
|
<pre><span class="pl-c">// Only gen mock if source code file is newer than mock file</span>
|
|
<span class="pl-c">// https://jonwillia.ms/2019/12/22/conditional-gomock-mockgen</span>
|
|
<span class="pl-c">//go:generate sh -c "test service_mock_generated.go -nt $GOFILE && exit 0; moq -rm -out service_mock_generated.go . Service"</span></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-be-careful-with-spf13cast"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#be-careful-with-spf13cast"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>Be careful with <a href="https://github.com/spf13/cast">spf13/cast</a>
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p>Don't cast proto enum:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight highlight-source-go">
|
|
<pre><span class="pl-c">// Bad</span>
|
|
<span class="pl-s1">a</span> <span class="pl-c1">:=</span> <span class="pl-s1">cast</span>.<span class="pl-en">ToInt32</span>(<span class="pl-s1">servicev1</span>.<span class="pl-c1">ReasonCode_ABC</span>)
|
|
|
|
<span class="pl-c">// Good</span>
|
|
<span class="pl-s1">a</span> <span class="pl-c1">:=</span> <span class="pl-en">int32</span>(<span class="pl-s1">servicev1</span>.<span class="pl-c1">ReasonCode_ABC</span>)</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-use-stringer-if-you-want-your-type-enum-can-be-print-as-string"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#use-stringer-if-you-want-your-type-enum-can-be-print-as-string"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>Use
|
|
<a
|
|
href="https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stringer"
|
|
rel="nofollow"
|
|
>stringer</a
|
|
>
|
|
if you want your type enum can be print as string
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<div class="highlight highlight-source-go">
|
|
<pre><span class="pl-k">type</span> <span class="pl-smi">Drink</span> <span class="pl-smi">int</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="pl-k">const</span> (
|
|
<span class="pl-s1">Beer</span> <span class="pl-smi">Drink</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">iota</span>
|
|
<span class="pl-s1">Water</span>
|
|
<span class="pl-s1">OrangeJuice</span>
|
|
)</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="highlight highlight-source-shell">
|
|
<pre>go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stringer@latest
|
|
|
|
<span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Run inside directory which contains Drink</span>
|
|
stringer -type=Drink</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-dont-waste-your-time-rewrite-rate-limiter-if-your-use-case-is-simple-use-rate-or-go-redisredis_rate"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#dont-waste-your-time-rewrite-rate-limiter-if-your-use-case-is-simple-use-rate-or-go-redisredis_rate"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>Don't waste your time rewrite rate limiter if your use case is simple,
|
|
use
|
|
<a href="https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/time/rate" rel="nofollow"
|
|
>rate</a
|
|
>
|
|
or
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/go-redis/redis_rate">go-redis/redis_rate</a>
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<strong>rate</strong> if you want rate limiter locally in your single
|
|
instance of service. <strong>redis_rate</strong> if you want rate limiter
|
|
distributed across all your instances of service.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-replace-go-fmt-goimports-with-mvdangofumpt"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#replace-go-fmt-goimports-with-mvdangofumpt"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>Replace <code>go fmt</code>, <code>goimports</code> with
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/mvdan/gofumpt">mvdan/gofumpt</a>.
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p><code>gofumpt</code> provides more rules when format Go codes.</p>
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-use-golangcigolangci-lint"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#use-golangcigolangci-lint"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>Use
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint"
|
|
>golangci/golangci-lint</a
|
|
>.
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<p>No need to say more. Lint or get the f out!</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If you get <code>fieldalignment</code> error, use
|
|
<a
|
|
href="https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/tools/go/analysis/passes/fieldalignment"
|
|
rel="nofollow"
|
|
>fieldalignment</a
|
|
>
|
|
to fix them.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight highlight-source-shell">
|
|
<pre><span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Install</span>
|
|
go install golang.org/x/tools/go/analysis/passes/fieldalignment/cmd/fieldalignment@latest
|
|
|
|
<span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Fix</span>
|
|
fieldalignment -fix ./internal/business/<span class="pl-k">*</span>.go</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h2>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-snippetscript"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#snippetscript"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>Snippet/script
|
|
</h2>
|
|
<p>Change import:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight highlight-source-shell">
|
|
<pre>gofmt -w -r <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">'</span>"github.com/Sirupsen/logrus" -> "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"<span class="pl-pds">'</span></span> <span class="pl-k">*</span>.go</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>Cleanup if storage is full:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight highlight-source-shell">
|
|
<pre>go clean -cache -testcache -modcache -fuzzcache -x</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h2>
|
|
<a
|
|
id="user-content-thanks"
|
|
class="anchor"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
href="#thanks"
|
|
><span aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a
|
|
>Thanks
|
|
</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a
|
|
href="https://dave.cheney.net/2014/10/17/functional-options-for-friendly-apis"
|
|
rel="nofollow"
|
|
>Functional options for friendly APIs</a
|
|
>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a
|
|
href="https://abhinavg.net/2022/12/06/designing-go-libraries/"
|
|
rel="nofollow"
|
|
>Designing Go Libraries: The Talk: The Article</a
|
|
>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/uber-go/guide/blob/master/style.md"
|
|
>Uber Go Style Guide</a
|
|
>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/go/index" rel="nofollow"
|
|
>Google Go Style</a
|
|
>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a
|
|
href="https://github.blog/2020-05-20-three-bugs-in-the-go-mysql-driver/"
|
|
rel="nofollow"
|
|
>Three bugs in the Go MySQL Driver</a
|
|
>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://mtlynch.io/notes/picoshare-perf/" rel="nofollow"
|
|
>Fixing Memory Exhaustion Bugs in My Golang Web App</a
|
|
>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a
|
|
href="https://www.commonfate.io/blog/prevent-logging-secrets-in-go-by-using-custom-types"
|
|
rel="nofollow"
|
|
>Prevent Logging Secrets in Go by Using Custom Types</a
|
|
>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a
|
|
href="https://jonwillia.ms/2019/12/22/conditional-gomock-mockgen"
|
|
rel="nofollow"
|
|
>Speed Up GoMock with Conditional Generation</a
|
|
>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a
|
|
href="https://turriate.com/articles/making-sqlite-faster-in-go"
|
|
rel="nofollow"
|
|
>Making SQLite faster in Go</a
|
|
>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://encore.dev/blog/advanced-go-concurrency" rel="nofollow"
|
|
>Advanced Go Concurrency</a
|
|
>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a
|
|
href="https://danielms.site/zet/2023/go-generic-non-ptr-to-ptr/"
|
|
rel="nofollow"
|
|
>Go generic: non-ptr to ptr</a
|
|
>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://xeiaso.net/blog/gonads-2022-04-24" rel="nofollow"
|
|
>Crimes with Go Generics</a
|
|
>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
Feel free to ask me via
|
|
<a href="mailto:hauvipapro+posts@gmail.com">email</a> or
|
|
<a rel="me" href="https://hachyderm.io/@haunguyen">Mastodon</a>.
|
|
<br />Source code is available on
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/haunt98/posts-go">GitHub</a>
|
|
<a href="https://codeberg.org/yoshie/posts-go">Codeberg</a>
|
|
<a href="https://git.sr.ht/~youngyoshie/posts-go">sourcehut</a>
|
|
<a href="https://gitea.treehouse.systems/yoshie/posts-go">Treehouse</a>
|
|
<a href="https://gitlab.com/youngyoshie/posts-go">GitLab</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|