# Install Arch Linux Install Arch Linux is thing I always want to do for my laptop/PC since I had my laptop in ninth grade. This is not a guide for everyone, this is just save for myself in a future and for anyone who want to walk in my shoes. ## [Installation guide](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide) ### Pre-installation Check disks carefully: ```sh lsblk ``` [USB flash installation medium](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/USB_flash_installation_medium) #### Verify the boot mode Check UEFI mode: ```sh ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars ``` #### Connect to the internet Use [iwd](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Iwd). #### Update the system clock ```sh timedatectl set-ntp true ``` #### Partition the disks [GPT fdisk](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GPT_fdisk): ```sh cgdisk /dev/sdx ``` [Partition scheme](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning#Partition_scheme) UEFI/GPT layout: | Mount point | Partition | Partition type | Suggested size | | ----------- | ---------------------------- | ------------------------------ | -------------- | | `/mnt/efi` | `/dev/efi_system_partition` | EFI System Partition | 512 MiB | | `/mnt/boot` | `/dev/boot_system_partition` | Extended Boot Loader Partition | 1 GiB | | `/mnt` | `/dev/root_partition` | Root Partition | | | `/mnt/var` | `/dev/var_partition` | Var Partition | >= 12 GiB | | `/mnt/home` | `/dev/home_partition` | Home Partition | | | | `/dev/swap_partition` | Swap | | BIOS/GPT layout: | Mount point | Partition | Partition type | Suggested size | | ----------- | --------------------- | ------------------- | -------------- | | | | BIOS boot partition | 1 MiB | | `/mnt` | `/dev/root_partition` | Root Partition | | | `/mnt/var` | `/dev/var_partition` | Var Partition | >= 12 GiB | | `/mnt/home` | `/dev/home_partition` | Home Partition | | | | `/dev/swap_partition` | Swap | | Format: ```sh # efi mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/efi_system_partition # boot mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/boot_system_partition # root mkfs.ext4 -L ROOT /dev/root_partition mkfs.btrfs -L ROOT /dev/root_partition # var mkfs.ext4 -L VAR /dev/var_partition mkfs.btrfs -L VAR /dev/var_partition # home mkfs.ext4 -L HOME /dev/home_partition mkfs.btrfs -L HOME /dev/home_partition # swap mkswap /dev/swap_partition ``` Mount: ```sh # root mount /dev/root_partition /mnt # btrfs mount -o compress=zstd /dev/root_partition /mnt # efi mkdir /mnt/efi mount /dev/efi_system_partition /mnt/efi # boot mkdir /mnt/boot mount /dev/boot_system_partition /mnt/boot # var mkdir /mnt/var mount /dev/var_partition /mnt/var # btrfs mount -o compress=zstd /dev/var_partition /mnt/var # home mkdir /mnt/home mount /dev/home_partition /mnt/home # btrfs mount -o compress=zstd /dev/home_partition /mnt/home # swap swapon /dev/swap_partition ``` ### Installation ```sh pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware # LTS pacstrap /mnt linux-lts # Performance pacstrap /mnt linux-zen # AMD pacstrap /mnt amd-ucode # Intel pacstrap /mnt intel-ucode # Btrfs pacstrap /mnt btrfs-progs # Text editor pacstrap /mnt neovim # Development pacstrap /mnt base-devel ``` ### Configure #### [fstab](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstab) ```sh genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab ``` https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstab#Automount_with_systemd https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Btrfs#Compression #### Chroot ```sh arch-chroot /mnt ``` #### Time zone ```sh ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Region/City /etc/localtime hwclock --systohc ``` #### Localization: Edit `/etc/locale.gen`: ```txt # Uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 ``` Generate locales: ```sh locale-gen ``` Edit `/etc/locale.conf`: ```txt LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ``` #### Network configuration Edit `/etc/hostname`: ```txt myhostname ``` Edit `/etc/hosts`: ```txt 127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost 127.0.1.1 myhostname.localdomain myhostname ``` #### Root password ```sh passwd ``` #### Boot loader [systemd-boot](Applications/System/systemd-boot.md) [GRUB](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB) ## [General recommendations](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/General_recommendations) Always remember to check **dependencies** when install packages. ### System administration #### [Users and groups](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/users_and_groups) Add user: ```sh useradd -m -G wheel -s /bin/bash -c "The Joker" joker ``` Set password: ```sh passwd username ``` #### [systemd-homed](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd-homed) ```sh systemctl enable systemd-homed.service homectl create joker --real-name="The Joker" --member-of=wheel ``` **Note**: can not run `homectl` when install Arch Linux, should run on the first boot. #### [Sudo](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/sudo) ```sh pacman -Syu sudo EDITOR=nvim visudo # Uncomment group wheel ``` ### Desktop Environment Install [Xorg](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xorg): ```sh pacman -Syu xorg-server ``` #### [GNOME](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GNOME) ```sh pacman -Syu gnome-shell \ gdm \ networkmanager \ gnome-control-center \ gnome-terminal gnome-backgrounds gnome-screenshot \ gnome-system-monitor gnome-keyring \ nautilus xdg-user-dirs-gtk file-roller \ evince eog gedit # Login manager systemctl enable gdm.service # Network systemctl enable NetworkManager.service # Bluetooth systemctl enable bluetooth.service # Clock timedatectl set-ntp true ``` ## [List of applications](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/List_of_applications) ### [pacman](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/pacman) Uncomment in `/etc/pacman.conf`: ```txt # Misc options Color ``` ## [Improving performance](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/improving_performance) https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/swap#Swap_file https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/swap#Swappiness https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd/Journal#Journal_size_limit https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Core_dump#Disabling_automatic_core_dumps https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Solid_state_drive#Periodic_TRIM https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Improving_performance#Improving_system_responsiveness_under_low-memory_conditions https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/improving_performance#Watchdogs https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Improving_performance/Boot_process#Staggered_spin-up https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Silent_boot ## In the end This guide is updated regularly I promise.