posts-go/posts/2022-12-25-archlinux.md

441 lines
8.5 KiB
Markdown
Raw Normal View History

2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
# Install Arch Linux
2023-08-05 18:56:25 +00:00
Install Arch Linux is thing I always want to do for my laptop/PC since I had my
laptop in ninth grade.
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
2023-08-05 18:56:25 +00:00
This is not a guide for everyone, this is just save for myself in a future and
for anyone who want to walk in my shoes.
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
## [Installation guide](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide)
### Pre-installation
Check disks carefully:
```sh
lsblk
```
[USB flash installation medium](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/USB_flash_installation_medium)
#### Verify the boot mode
Check UEFI mode:
```sh
ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
```
#### Connect to the internet
For wifi, use [iwd](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Iwd).
#### Partition the disks
[GPT fdisk](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GPT_fdisk):
```sh
cgdisk /dev/sdx
```
[Partition scheme](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning#Partition_scheme)
UEFI/GPT layout:
| Mount point | Partition | Partition type | Suggested size |
| ----------- | ------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | -------------- |
| `/mnt/efi` | `/dev/efi_system_partition` | EFI System Partition | 512 MiB |
| `/mnt/boot` | `/dev/extended_boot_loader_partition` | Extended Boot Loader Partition | 1 GiB |
| `/mnt` | `/dev/root_partition` | Root Partition | |
2023-08-05 18:56:25 +00:00
Why not `/boot/efi`? See
[Lennart Poettering comment](https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/3757#issuecomment-234290236).
2023-05-06 07:11:26 +00:00
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
BIOS/GPT layout:
| Mount point | Partition | Partition type | Suggested size |
| ----------- | --------------------- | ------------------- | -------------- |
| | | BIOS boot partition | 1 MiB |
| `/mnt` | `/dev/root_partition` | Root Partition | |
LVM:
```sh
# Create physical volumes
pvcreate /dev/sdaX
# Create volume groups
vgcreate RootGroup /dev/sdaX /dev/sdaY
# Create logical volumes
lvcreate -l +100%FREE RootGroup -n rootvol
```
Format:
```sh
# efi
mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/efi_system_partition
# boot
mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/extended_boot_loader_partition
# root
mkfs.ext4 -L ROOT /dev/root_partition
# root with btrfs
mkfs.btrfs -L ROOT /dev/root_partition
# root on lvm
mkfs.ext4 /dev/RootGroup/rootvol
```
Mount:
```sh
# root
mount /dev/root_partition /mnt
# root with btrfs
mount -o compress=zstd /dev/root_partition /mnt
# root on lvm
mount /dev/RootGroup/rootvol /mnt
# efi
mount --mkdir /dev/efi_system_partition /mnt/efi
# boot
mount --mkdir /dev/extended_boot_loader_partition /mnt/boot
```
### Installation
```sh
pacstrap -K /mnt base linux linux-firmware
# AMD
pacstrap -K /mnt amd-ucode
# Intel
pacstrap -K /mnt intel-ucode
# Btrfs
pacstrap -K /mnt btrfs-progs
# LVM
pacstrap -K /mnt lvm2
# Text editor
pacstrap -K /mnt neovim
```
### Configure
#### [fstab](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstab)
```sh
genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
```
#### Chroot
```sh
arch-chroot /mnt
```
#### Time zone
```sh
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Region/City /etc/localtime
hwclock --systohc
```
#### Localization:
Edit `/etc/locale.gen`:
```txt
# Uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
```
Generate locales:
```sh
locale-gen
```
Edit `/etc/locale.conf`:
```txt
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
```
#### Network configuration
Edit `/etc/hostname`:
```txt
myhostname
```
#### Initramfs
Edit `/etc/mkinitcpio.conf`:
```txt
# LVM
# https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Install_Arch_Linux_on_LVM#Adding_mkinitcpio_hooks
HOOKS=(base udev ... block lvm2 filesystems)
# https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/mkinitcpio#Common_hooks
# Replace udev with systemd
```
```sh
mkinitcpio -P
```
#### Root password
```sh
passwd
```
#### Addition
2023-01-07 16:57:51 +00:00
##### [NetworkManager (WIP)](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/NetworkManager)
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
```sh
2023-01-07 16:57:51 +00:00
pacman -Syu networkmanager dhcpcd iwd
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
systemctl enable NetworkManager.service
2023-01-07 16:57:51 +00:00
systemctl enable systemd-resolved.service
```
Edit `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/dns.conf`:
```txt
[main]
dns=systemd-resolved
```
Edit `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/dhcp-client.conf`:
```txt
[main]
dhcp=dhcpcd
```
Edit `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/wifi_backend.conf`:
```txt
[device]
wifi.backend=iwd
```
See [dhcpcd](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dhcpcd)
Append `/etc/dhcpcd.conf`
```txt
noarp
nohook resolv.conf
```
##### Bluetooth
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
2023-01-07 16:57:51 +00:00
```sh
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
pacman -Syu bluez
systemctl enable bluetooth.service
2023-01-07 16:57:51 +00:00
```
##### Clock
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
2023-01-07 16:57:51 +00:00
```sh
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
timedatectl set-ntp true
```
#### Boot loader
2023-01-07 16:57:51 +00:00
##### [systemd-boot](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd-boot)
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
2023-01-07 16:57:51 +00:00
Install using XBOOTLDR:
```sh
bootctl --esp-path=/efi --boot-path=/boot install
systemctl enable systemd-boot-update.service
```
[Label partition](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/persistent_block_device_naming#by-label)
Edit `/efi/loader/loader.conf`:
```txt
default archlinux.conf
timeout 4
editor no
console-mode max
```
Edit `/boot/loader/entries/archlinux.conf`:
```txt
title Arch Linux
linux /vmlinuz-linux
# Intel
initrd /intel-ucode.img
# AMD
initrd /amd-ucode.img
initrd /initramfs-linux.img
# Kernel parameters
#
# Acer Nitro AN515-45
# https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/backlight#Kernel_command-line_options
# acpi_backlight=vendor
#
# NVIDIA
# https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/NVIDIA#DRM_kernel_mode_setting
# nvidia-drm.modeset=1
options root="LABEL=ROOT" rw
```
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
## [General recommendations](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/General_recommendations)
Always remember to check **dependencies** when install packages.
### System administration
[Sudo](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/sudo):
```sh
pacman -Syu sudo
EDITOR=nvim visudo
# Uncomment group wheel
# Add user if don't want to use systemd-homed
useradd -m -G wheel -c "The Joker" joker
# Or using zsh
useradd -m -G wheel -s /usr/bin/zsh -c "The Joker" joker
# Set password
passwd joker
```
[systemd-homed (WIP)](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd-homed):
```sh
systemctl enable systemd-homed.service
homectl create joker --real-name="The Joker" --member-of=wheel
# Using zsh
homectl update joker --shell=/usr/bin/zsh
```
2023-08-05 18:56:25 +00:00
**Note**: Can not run `homectl` when install Arch Linux. Should run on the first
boot.
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
### Desktop Environment
Install [Xorg](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xorg):
```sh
pacman -Syu xorg-server
```
#### [GNOME](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GNOME)
```sh
pacman -Syu gnome-shell \
2023-01-07 17:26:48 +00:00
gnome-control-center gnome-system-monitor power-profiles-daemon \
gnome-tweaks gnome-backgrounds gnome-firmware \
nautilus xdg-user-dirs-gtk xdg-desktop-portal \
gnome-console gnome-text-editor loupe evince
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
# Login manager
pacman -Syu gdm
systemctl enable gdm.service
```
2023-09-30 16:03:13 +00:00
Quirks:
- Fix black screen when open game in fullscreen in external monitor with
[kazysmaster/gnome-shell-extension-disable-unredirect](https://github.com/kazysmaster/gnome-shell-extension-disable-unredirect)
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
## [List of applications](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/List_of_applications)
### [pacman](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/pacman)
Uncomment in `/etc/pacman.conf`:
```txt
# Misc options
Color
ParallelDownloads
```
### [Pipewire (WIP)](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/PipeWire)
```sh
pacman -Syu pipewire wireplumber \
pipewire-alsa pipewire-pulse \
gst-plugin-pipewire pipewire-v4l2
```
2023-08-05 18:56:25 +00:00
See
[Advanced Linux Sound Architecture](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture)
2023-01-08 10:50:11 +00:00
```sh
pacman -Syu sof-firmware
```
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
### [Flatpak (WIP)](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Flatpak)
```sh
pacman -Syu flatpak
```
## [Improving performance](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/improving_performance)
2023-09-05 17:27:15 +00:00
- https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/swap#Swap_file
- https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/swap#Swappiness
- https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd/Journal#Journal_size_limit
- https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Core_dump#Disabling_automatic_core_dumps
- https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Solid_state_drive#Periodic_TRIM
- https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Silent_boot
- https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Improving_performance#Watchdogs
2023-09-30 16:03:13 +00:00
- https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/sysctl
`/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf`:
```txt
# https://lwn.net/Articles/911219/
kernel.split_lock_mitigate = 0
```
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
2023-09-05 17:27:15 +00:00
## Hardware dependent
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
2023-09-05 17:27:15 +00:00
- https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Laptop
- https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ASUS_Linux
- https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/PRIME
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
2023-09-05 17:27:15 +00:00
## Experiment
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
2023-09-05 17:27:15 +00:00
Do it at your own risk!!!
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
2023-11-09 08:56:45 +00:00
- https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Pacman/Pacnew_and_Pacsave
2023-09-05 17:27:15 +00:00
- https://github.com/AdnanHodzic/auto-cpufreq
- https://github.com/nbfc-linux/nbfc-linux
2022-12-25 08:38:53 +00:00
## In the end
This guide is updated regularly I promise.