327 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
327 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
# Install Arch Linux
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Install Arch Linux is thing I always want to do for my laptop/PC since I had my laptop in ninth grade.
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This is not a guide for everyone, this is just save for myself in a future and for anyone who want to walk in my shoes.
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## [Installation guide](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide)
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### Pre-installation
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Check disks carefully:
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```sh
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lsblk
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```
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[USB flash installation medium](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/USB_flash_installation_medium)
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#### Verify the boot mode
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Check UEFI mode:
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```sh
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ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
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```
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#### Connect to the internet
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For wifi, use [iwd](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Iwd).
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#### Partition the disks
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[GPT fdisk](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GPT_fdisk):
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```sh
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cgdisk /dev/sdx
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```
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[Partition scheme](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning#Partition_scheme)
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UEFI/GPT layout:
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| Mount point | Partition | Partition type | Suggested size |
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| ----------- | ------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | -------------- |
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| `/mnt/efi` | `/dev/efi_system_partition` | EFI System Partition | 512 MiB |
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| `/mnt/boot` | `/dev/extended_boot_loader_partition` | Extended Boot Loader Partition | 1 GiB |
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| `/mnt` | `/dev/root_partition` | Root Partition | |
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BIOS/GPT layout:
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| Mount point | Partition | Partition type | Suggested size |
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| ----------- | --------------------- | ------------------- | -------------- |
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| | | BIOS boot partition | 1 MiB |
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| `/mnt` | `/dev/root_partition` | Root Partition | |
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LVM:
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```sh
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# Create physical volumes
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pvcreate /dev/sdaX
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# Create volume groups
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vgcreate RootGroup /dev/sdaX /dev/sdaY
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# Create logical volumes
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lvcreate -l +100%FREE RootGroup -n rootvol
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```
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Format:
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```sh
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# efi
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mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/efi_system_partition
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# boot
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mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/extended_boot_loader_partition
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# root
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mkfs.ext4 -L ROOT /dev/root_partition
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# root with btrfs
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mkfs.btrfs -L ROOT /dev/root_partition
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# root on lvm
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mkfs.ext4 /dev/RootGroup/rootvol
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```
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Mount:
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```sh
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# root
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mount /dev/root_partition /mnt
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# root with btrfs
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mount -o compress=zstd /dev/root_partition /mnt
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# root on lvm
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mount /dev/RootGroup/rootvol /mnt
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# efi
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mount --mkdir /dev/efi_system_partition /mnt/efi
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# boot
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mount --mkdir /dev/extended_boot_loader_partition /mnt/boot
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```
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### Installation
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```sh
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pacstrap -K /mnt base linux linux-firmware
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# AMD
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pacstrap -K /mnt amd-ucode
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# Intel
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pacstrap -K /mnt intel-ucode
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# Btrfs
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pacstrap -K /mnt btrfs-progs
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# LVM
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pacstrap -K /mnt lvm2
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# Text editor
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pacstrap -K /mnt neovim
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```
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### Configure
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#### [fstab](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstab)
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```sh
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genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
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```
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#### Chroot
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```sh
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arch-chroot /mnt
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```
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#### Time zone
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```sh
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ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Region/City /etc/localtime
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hwclock --systohc
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```
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#### Localization:
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Edit `/etc/locale.gen`:
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```txt
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# Uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
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```
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Generate locales:
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```sh
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locale-gen
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```
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Edit `/etc/locale.conf`:
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```txt
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LANG=en_US.UTF-8
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```
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#### Network configuration
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Edit `/etc/hostname`:
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```txt
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myhostname
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```
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#### Initramfs
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Edit `/etc/mkinitcpio.conf`:
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```txt
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# LVM
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# https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Install_Arch_Linux_on_LVM#Adding_mkinitcpio_hooks
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HOOKS=(base udev ... block lvm2 filesystems)
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# https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/mkinitcpio#Common_hooks
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# Replace udev with systemd
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```
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```sh
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mkinitcpio -P
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```
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#### Root password
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```sh
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passwd
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```
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#### Addition
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```sh
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# NetworkManager
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pacman -Syu networkmanager
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systemctl enable NetworkManager.service
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# Bluetooth
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pacman -Syu bluez
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systemctl enable bluetooth.service
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# Clock
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timedatectl set-ntp true
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```
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#### Boot loader
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[systemd-boot](Applications/System/systemd-boot.md)
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[GRUB](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB)
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## [General recommendations](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/General_recommendations)
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Always remember to check **dependencies** when install packages.
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### System administration
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[Sudo](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/sudo):
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```sh
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pacman -Syu sudo
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EDITOR=nvim visudo
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# Uncomment group wheel
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# Add user if don't want to use systemd-homed
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useradd -m -G wheel -c "The Joker" joker
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# Or using zsh
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useradd -m -G wheel -s /usr/bin/zsh -c "The Joker" joker
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# Set password
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passwd joker
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```
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[systemd-homed (WIP)](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd-homed):
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```sh
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systemctl enable systemd-homed.service
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homectl create joker --real-name="The Joker" --member-of=wheel
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# Using zsh
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homectl update joker --shell=/usr/bin/zsh
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```
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**Note**:
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Can not run `homectl` when install Arch Linux.
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Should run on the first boot.
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### Desktop Environment
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Install [Xorg](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xorg):
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```sh
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pacman -Syu xorg-server
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```
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#### [GNOME](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GNOME)
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```sh
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pacman -Syu gnome-shell \
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gnome-control-center gnome-system-monitor \
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gnome-tweaks gnome-backgrounds gnome-screenshot gnome-keyring gnome-logs \
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gnome-console gnome-text-editor \
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nautilus xdg-user-dirs-gtk file-roller evince eog
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# Login manager
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pacman -Syu gdm
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systemctl enable gdm.service
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```
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#### [KDE (WIP)](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/KDE)
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```sh
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pacman -Syu plasma-meta \
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kde-system-meta
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# Login manager
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pacman -Syu sddm
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systemctl enable sddm.service
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```
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## [List of applications](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/List_of_applications)
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### [pacman](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/pacman)
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Uncomment in `/etc/pacman.conf`:
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```txt
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# Misc options
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Color
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ParallelDownloads
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```
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## [Improving performance](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/improving_performance)
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https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/swap#Swap_file
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https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/swap#Swappiness
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https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd/Journal#Journal_size_limit
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https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Core_dump#Disabling_automatic_core_dumps
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https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Solid_state_drive#Periodic_TRIM
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https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Silent_boot
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https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Improving_performance#Watchdogs
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https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/PRIME
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## In the end
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This guide is updated regularly I promise.
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