til/install-archlinux.md

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# Install Arch Linux
Install Arch Linux is thing I always want to do for my laptop/PC since I had my laptop in ninth grade.
This is not a guide for everyone, this is just save for myself in a future and for anyone who want to walk in my shoes.
## [Installation guide](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide)
### Pre-installation
Check disks carefully:
```sh
lsblk
```
[USB flash installation medium](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/USB_flash_installation_medium)
#### Verify the boot mode
Check UEFI mode:
```sh
ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
```
#### Connect to the internet
Use [iwd](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Iwd).
#### Update the system clock
```sh
timedatectl set-ntp true
```
#### Partition the disks
[GPT fdisk](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GPT_fdisk):
```sh
cgdisk /dev/sdx
```
[Partition scheme](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning#Partition_scheme)
UEFI/GPT layout:
| Mount point | Partition | Partition type | Suggested size |
| ----------- | ------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | -------------- |
| `/mnt/efi` | `/dev/efi_system_partition` | EFI System Partition | 512 MiB |
| `/mnt/boot` | `/dev/extended_boot_loader_partition` | Extended Boot Loader Partition | 1 GiB |
| `/mnt` | `/dev/root_partition` | Root Partition | |
| `/mnt/var` | `/dev/var_partition` | Var Partition | >= 12 GiB |
| `/mnt/home` | `/dev/home_partition` | Home Partition | |
| | `/dev/swap_partition` | Swap | |
BIOS/GPT layout:
| Mount point | Partition | Partition type | Suggested size |
| ----------- | --------------------- | ------------------- | -------------- |
| | | BIOS boot partition | 1 MiB |
| `/mnt` | `/dev/root_partition` | Root Partition | |
| `/mnt/var` | `/dev/var_partition` | Var Partition | >= 12 GiB |
| `/mnt/home` | `/dev/home_partition` | Home Partition | |
| | `/dev/swap_partition` | Swap | |
Format:
```sh
# efi
mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/efi_system_partition
# boot
mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/extended_boot_loader_partition
# root
mkfs.ext4 -L ROOT /dev/root_partition
mkfs.btrfs -L ROOT /dev/root_partition
# var
mkfs.ext4 -L VAR /dev/var_partition
mkfs.btrfs -L VAR /dev/var_partition
# home
mkfs.ext4 -L HOME /dev/home_partition
mkfs.btrfs -L HOME /dev/home_partition
# swap
mkswap /dev/swap_partition
```
Mount:
```sh
# root
mount /dev/root_partition /mnt
# btrfs
mount -o compress=zstd /dev/root_partition /mnt
# efi
mkdir /mnt/efi
mount /dev/efi_system_partition /mnt/efi
# boot
mkdir /mnt/boot
mount /dev/extended_boot_loader_partition /mnt/boot
# var
mkdir /mnt/var
mount /dev/var_partition /mnt/var
# btrfs
mount -o compress=zstd /dev/var_partition /mnt/var
# home
mkdir /mnt/home
mount /dev/home_partition /mnt/home
# btrfs
mount -o compress=zstd /dev/home_partition /mnt/home
# swap
swapon /dev/swap_partition
```
### Installation
```sh
pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware
# LTS
pacstrap /mnt linux-lts
# Performance
pacstrap /mnt linux-zen
# AMD
pacstrap /mnt amd-ucode
# Intel
pacstrap /mnt intel-ucode
# Btrfs
pacstrap /mnt btrfs-progs
# Text editor
pacstrap /mnt neovim
# Development
pacstrap /mnt base-devel
```
### Configure
#### [fstab](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstab)
```sh
genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
```
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstab#Automount_with_systemd
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Btrfs#Compression
#### Chroot
```sh
arch-chroot /mnt
```
#### Time zone
```sh
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Region/City /etc/localtime
hwclock --systohc
```
#### Localization:
Edit `/etc/locale.gen`:
```txt
# Uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
```
Generate locales:
```sh
locale-gen
```
Edit `/etc/locale.conf`:
```txt
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
```
#### Network configuration
Edit `/etc/hostname`:
```txt
myhostname
```
Edit `/etc/hosts`:
```txt
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
127.0.1.1 myhostname.localdomain myhostname
```
#### Root password
```sh
passwd
```
#### Addition
```sh
# NetworkManager
pacman -Syu networkmanager
systemctl enable NetworkManager.service
# Bluetooth
pacman -Syu bluez
systemctl enable bluetooth.service
# Clock
timedatectl set-ntp true
```
#### Boot loader
[systemd-boot](Applications/System/systemd-boot.md)
[GRUB](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB)
## [General recommendations](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/General_recommendations)
Always remember to check **dependencies** when install packages.
### System administration
[Sudo](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/sudo):
```sh
pacman -Syu sudo
EDITOR=nvim visudo
# Uncomment group wheel
```
[systemd-homed](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd-homed):
```sh
systemctl enable systemd-homed.service
homectl create joker --real-name="The Joker" --member-of=wheel
```
**Note**:
Can not run `homectl` when install Arch Linux.
Should run on the first boot.
### Desktop Environment
Install [Xorg](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xorg):
```sh
pacman -Syu xorg-server
```
#### [GNOME](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GNOME)
```sh
pacman -Syu gnome-shell \
gnome-control-center gnome-system-monitor \
gnome-terminal gnome-backgrounds gnome-screenshot gnome-keyring \
nautilus xdg-user-dirs-gtk file-roller \
evince eog gedit
# Login manager
pacman -Syu gdm
systemctl enable gdm.service
```
## [List of applications](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/List_of_applications)
### [pacman](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/pacman)
Uncomment in `/etc/pacman.conf`:
```txt
# Misc options
Color
ParallelDownloads
```
## [Improving performance](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/improving_performance)
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/swap#Swap_file
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/swap#Swappiness
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd/Journal#Journal_size_limit
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Core_dump#Disabling_automatic_core_dumps
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Solid_state_drive#Periodic_TRIM
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Silent_boot
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Reflector
## In the end
This guide is updated regularly I promise.